Kidney stones or renal calculi are solid deposits of crystals, usually composed of calcium oxalate, which typically occur in the kidneys,but can also develop in other parts of the urinary tract such as bladder, urethra and ureter. These stones can form in different sizes and are extremely painful.

Our kidneys are responsible for filtering the blood and generating urine. Kidney stones are formed when salts and minerals present in the urine lump together and crystallize to form small stones. Kidney stones are a common cause of blood in the urine and can cause severe abdominal and back pain and even result in an infection if left untreated.